Gene effects, heterosis and inbreeding depression for grain sorghum characters

Dois cruzamentos entre sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), BR 007A x BR 012R e BR 001A x BR 012R originaram dois híbridos F1 (BR 303 e BR 304) e as gerações avançadas por autofecundação F2 e F3, constituindo nove genótipos, os quais foram avaliados em duas épocas de plantio (normal e sucessão) quanto a diversos caracteres de rendimento e qualidade da forragem. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: determinar as estimativas da heterose e depressão endogâmica nas gerações F2 e F3; avaliar a possibilidade de utilização das sementes F2 em plantios comerciais e verificar as estimativas dos efeitos gênicos associando-os com a heterose e depressão endogâmica. No plantio em sucessão, comparativamente ao plantio normal, os híbridos graníferos apresentaram redução na produção de grãos, matéria verde e rendimento da massa seca e maior porcentagem protéica. No que tange aos dois híbridos graníferos, as estimativas da heterose foram positivas quanto ao rendimento de grãos e de massa seca, e negativas quanto à proteína e ao teor de fibras, nas duas épocas de plantio. As estimativas da depressão endogâmica foram positivas quanto ao rendimento de grãos, tornando inviável a utilização das sementes F2 em plantios comerciais. As estimativas do efeito gênico aditivo foram importantes em relação aos caracteres de qualidade no cruzamento granífero BR 007A x BR 012R, ao passo que os efeitos de dominância predominaram em relação aos caracteres de rendimento, nos dois híbridos e nas duas épocas de plantio. Os desvios da dominância explicaram, em grande parte, as manifestações heteróticas e de depressão endogâmica em vários caracteres.Two crosses between grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), BR 007A x BR 012R and BR 001A x BR 012R originated two F1 hybrids (BR 303 and BR 304) and the advanced inbreeding generations F2 and F3, establishing nine genotypes, which were evaluated in two planting dates (normal and succession). Several yield and forage quality characters were evaluated. The objectives of this study were to obtain the estimated heterosis and inbreeding depression in F2 and F3 generations, to evaluate the possibility of F2 seeds use in commercial sown, to verify also the estimated gene effects associated to heterosis and inbreeding depression. In sucession planting, comparing with normal planting, the grain sorghum hybrids showed small grain production, green matter and dry matter weight and higher protein content. For the two grain sorghum hybrids, the estimated heterosis was positive to grain yield and dry matter and was negative to protein and fiber content, at the two planting date. The estimated inbreeding depression was positive to grain yield, making impossible the commercial utilization of F2 seeds. The estimated additive gene effects had importance to quality characters in grain cross BR 007A x BR 012R, while the dominance effects were predominant to yield characters of the two hybrids and planting dates. The dominance effects explained most of the heterosis and inbreeding depression expressed of several characters in two crosses

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FERMENTATION PATTERN OF THE BR 601 SORGHUM SILAGE [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] WITH ADDITIVES 1

This work evaluated the chemical composition and fermentation patternof BR 601 sorghum silage, [Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench]. At ensiling time, the silages were enriched with the additives, adopting the following treatments: silages without additive (control), with 0.5% of urea, 0.5% of sodium carbonate, 0.5% of urea plus sodium carbonate and bacterial inoculant. The material was stored in PVC silos with the diameter of 10 cm and the length of 50 cm and opened at seven different stages (1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after sealing). The pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3/NT), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and soluble carbohydrate contents were determined in the silages. The experimental design utilized was completely randomized with two repetitions for each treatment. The means were compared by the SNK test on level of 5% of probability. The hybrid evaluated produced good fermentation pattern and adequate level of DM. A low effect of the additive over the fermentation pattern of the silages was observed and in most of the analysis the additives showed similar results as the control silages or reached to the elevations of pH and N-NH3/NT values during the fermentation process as observed in the use of urea and association urea plus sodium carbonate

Single delivery of an Adeno-Associated viral Construct to Transfer the CASQ2 Gene to Knock-In Mice Affected by Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Is Able to Cure the Disease From Birth to Advanced Age

Background — Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is an inherited arrhythmogenic disorder characterized by sudden cardiac death in children. Drug therapy is still insufficient to provide full protection against cardiac arrest, and the use of implantable defibrillators in the pediatric population is limited by side effects. There is therefore a need to explore the curative potential of gene therapy for this disease. We investigated the efficacy and durability of viral gene transfer of the calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) wild-type gene in a catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia knock-in mouse model carrying the CASQ2R33Q/R33Q (R33Q) mutation. Methods and Results — We engineered an adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV9) containing cDNA of CASQ2 wild-type (AAV9-CASQ2) plus the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene to infect newborn R33Q mice studied by in vivo and in vitro protocols at 6, 9, and 12 months to investigate the ability of the infection to prevent the disease and adult R33Q mice studied after 2 months to assess whether the AAV9-CASQ2 delivery could revert the catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia phenotype. In both protocols, we observed the restoration of physiological expression and interaction of CASQ2, junctin, and triadin; the rescue of electrophysiological and ultrastructural abnormalities in calcium release units present in R33Q mice; and the lack of life-threatening arrhythmias. Conclusions — Our data demonstrate that viral gene transfer of wild-type CASQ2 into the heart of R33Q mice prevents and reverts severe manifestations of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and that this curative effect lasts for 1 year after a single injection of the vector, thus posing the rationale for the design of a clinical trial.Fil: Denegri, Marco. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri; ItaliaFil: Bongianino, Rossana. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri; ItaliaFil: Lodola, Francesco. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri; ItaliaFil: Boncompagni, Simona. University G. d’Annunzio; ItaliaFil: de Giusti, Verónica Celeste. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri; Italia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Eugenio Cingolani"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Avelino Cruz, José E.. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri; Italia. Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla; MéxicoFil: Liu, Nian. Capital Medical University; ChinaFil: Persampieri, Simone. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri; ItaliaFil: Curcio, Antonio. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri; Italia. University of Magna Graecia; ItaliaFil: Esposito, Francesca. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri; Italia. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico Ii; ItaliaFil: Pietrangelo, Laura. University G. d’Annunzio; ItaliaFil: Marty, Isabelle. Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Francia. Universite Joseph Fourier; FranciaFil: Villani, Laura. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri; ItaliaFil: Moyaho, Alejandro. Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla; MéxicoFil: Baiardi, Paola. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri; ItaliaFil: Auricchio, Alberto. Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine; Italia. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico Ii; ItaliaFil: Protasi, Feliciano. University G. d’Annunzio; ItaliaFil: Napolitano, Carlo. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri; ItaliaFil: Priori, Silvia G.. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri; Italia. University of Pavia; Itali